Q.- What does Sohrai mean?
Ans.- Sohrai means - Best wishes, congrats.
Q.- Why is Sohrai festival celebrated ?
Ans.- The main purpose of celebrating Sohrai festival is to make the cows and bullocks are happy. Cows and bulls are speechless and it is only by their hard work that crops are prepared in the fields. The festival is celebrated to share happiness with them. Apart from this, the festival is also celebrated for the good harvest every year.
Q.- How is Sohrai festival celebrated?
Ans.- Sohrai, the festival of Santhal tribals, is the identity of the folk culture and tradition of Jharkhand. Sohrai is a festival to honor livestock and celebrate good harvest in the fields. The Sohrai festival celebrated in autumn (पतझड़, शरद ऋतु) is celebrated in the joy of getting the paddy crop ready. Sohrai festival is celebrated for five days. Santhal tribals decorate their houses. Let's do lipai-putai (लिपाई-पुताई) and Folk paintings are made on the walls of their houses.
Q.- What are the materials used in Sohrai painting?
Ans.- Usually either monochromatic or colourful, these paintings are done entirely using natural pigments mixed in clay – Kali Matti (manganese black), Dudhi Matti/Charak Matti (white clay), Lal Matti / Geru (red oxide ) and Pila Matti (yellow ochre).
Q.- When is Sohrai Parab celebrated?
Ans.- Sohrai Parab celebrated in Pratipada Tithi of Shukla Paksha of Kartik month means it is celebrated on the second day of Diwali. This festival all are wishes happiness and prosperity for Animals throughout the years.
Sohrai is a winter harvest festival in Jharkhand. Women decorate their walls with murals of Sohrai arts during the harvest festival. These paintings are believed to bring good luck. It’s from here that Sohrai art originated.
History of Sohrai Art.
Sohrai art is a tribal art. Its trend started many years ago in Badam area of Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand. Samples of this art can be seen even today in the caves of the hills of this region. It is said that the Badam kings greatly encouraged this art. Due to which this art was successful in getting out of the walls of the caves and making its place in the walls of the houses.
In tribal culture, the importance of this art was attached to progress in life, only then it was used on occasions like Diwali and Marriage. So that both wealth and dynasty can increase. Rukmani (Sohrai Artist) tells that there is a history hidden behind this art. Which most people do not even know.
She tells that in Badam Raj, when a crown prince got married and the room in which the crown prince met his newly wed for the first time, some signs were marked on the walls of that room as a memorial. These symbols were mostly made of white soil, red soil, black soil or cow dung. Some script was also used in this art, which was called Vridhi Mantra. In later days, artifacts replaced this script. In which flowers, leaves and things related to nature started being included. Later these signs came to be known as Sohrai or Kohbar art. Gradually, this art came out of the houses of the kings and spread to the whole society. The kings also helped a lot in taking this art to every house.
Kohbar and Sohrai Painting
Kohbar and Sohrai have a rich tradition in many districts of Jharkhand. The word Kohbar is derived from two words 'Koh' and 'Var'. Koh or Khoh means cave. Bar is called the 'groom', hence the meaning of Kohbar is the groom's room. Kohbar is still popular with this name and even today Kohbar Bihar is built or written grandly in many districts of the state like Madhubani, Darbhanga, Saran etc. Probably today's Kohbar art is the modern form of centuries old cave paintings found in Jharkhand. The painters of Kohbar paintings of Hazaribagh are mainly tribals. This picture made of natural and mineral colors on the walls of Soil is completely prepared by women. This illustration is very artistic and so clear that it can be read. The themes of Kohbar's paintings are usually fertility, male-female relationships, witchcraft (जादू टोना, Black magic). Apart from the representation of trees-plants, animals-birds, sorcery, such symbols are used which are popular and valid for the growth of the family. Like- bamboo, elephant, tortoise, fish, peacock, snake, lotus or other flower, etc. Apart from these, various figures of Shiva and human figures are also used. These pictures are painted in full size on the outer or inner walls of the house.
The Sohrai festival, immediately after Diwali, coincides with the harvest. On this occasion, the tribals make this picture on the walls of their house. On the day of Sohrai, the villagers take the animals to the forest in the morning and welcome them at their door in the afternoon. In this sequence, they depict "Aripana" at the door of their house.
In Sohrai paintings, the background of the walls is of the original color of Mitti (Soil). Shapes are made on it with brown red, lap (kaolin) and black (manganese) colors. According to the different tribal groups or sub-castes, slight variations are found in the Kohbar and Sohrai paintings.
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